Congressional Majority and Minority Leaders and Whips

While the excruciating battles of partisan politics slow the work of Congress - often to a crawl, the legislative process would probably cease to function at all without the efforts of the House and Senate majority and minority party leaders and whips. Often, agents of contention, the congressional party leaders are, more importantly, agents of compromise. Intent on separating politics from government, the Founding Fathers, after what was truly a Great Compromise, established only a basic framework of the legislative branch in the Constitution. The only congressional leadership positions created in the Constitution are the Speaker of the House in Article I, Section 2, and the President of the Senate (the Vice President of the United States) in Article I, Section 3. In Article I, the Constitution empowers the House and Senate to choose their other Officers. Over the years, those officers have evolved into the party majority and minority leaders, and floor whips. Majority and minority leaders are paid a slightly higher annual salary than rank-and-file members of the House and Senate. Majority Leaders As their title implies, the majority leaders represent the party holding the majority of seats in the House and Senate, while the minority leaders represent the opposing party. In the event each Party holds 50 seats in the Senate, the party of the Vice President of the United States is considered the majority party. The members of the majority party in both the House and Senate elect their majority leader at the start of each new Congress. The first House Majority Leader, Sereno Payne (R-New York), was elected in 1899. The first Senate Majority Leader, Charles Curtis (R-Kansas) was elected in 1925. House Majority Leader The House majority leader is second only to the Speaker of the House in the hierarchy of the majority party. The majority leader, in consultation with the Speaker of the House, and party whips schedules bills for consideration by the full House and helps set the Houses daily, weekly, and annual legislative agendas. In the political arena, the majority leader works to advance the legislative goals of his or her party. The majority leader often meets with colleagues of both parties to urge them to support or defeat bills. Historically, the majority leader rarely leads House debates on major bills but does occasionally serve as the national spokesman for his or her party. Senate Majority Leader The Senate majority leader works with the chairmen and ranking members of the various Senate committees to schedule consideration of bills on the floor of the Senate and works to keep other Senators of his or her party advised of the upcoming legislative schedule. Consulting with the minority leader, the majority leader helps create special rules, called unanimous consent agreements, which limit the amount of time for debate on specific bills. The majority leader also has the power to file for the supermajority cloture vote needed to end debate during a filibuster. As the political leader of his or her party in the Senate, the majority leader has great power in crafting the contents of legislation sponsored by the majority party. For example, in March 2013, Democratic Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid of Nevada decided a measure banning the sale and possession of assault weapons would not be included in a comprehensive gun control bill sponsored by Senate Democrats on the behalf of the Obama administration. The Senate majority leader also enjoys the right of first recognition on the Senate floor. When several senators are demanding to speak during debates on bills, the presiding officer will recognize the majority leader, allowing him or her to speak first. This allows the majority leader to offer amendments, introduce substitute bills and make motions before any other senator. Indeed, famed former Senate Majority Leader Robert C. Byrd (D-West Virginia), called the right of first recognition the most potent weapon in the Majority Leaders arsenal. House and Senate Minority Leaders Elected by their fellow party members at the start of each new Congress, the House and Senate minority leaders serve as the spokesmen and floor debate leaders of the minority party, also called the loyal opposition. While many of the political leadership roles of the minority and majority leaders are similar, the minority leaders represent the policies and legislative agenda of the minority party and often serve as the national spokesmen for the minority party. Majority and Minority Whips Playing a purely political role, the majority and minority whips in both the House and Senate serve as the main channels of communication between the majority leaders and other party members. The whips and their deputy whips are responsible for marshaling support for bills supported by their party and making sure that any members who are on the fence vote for the party position. Whips will constantly count votes during debates on major bills and keep the majority leaders informed of the vote count. According to the Senate Historical Office, the term whip comes from fox hunting. During the hunt, one or more hunters were assigned to keep the dogs from straying from the trail during the chase. Very descriptive of what the House and Senate whips spend their days in Congress doing. President of the Senate The Vice President of the United States also serves as the President of the Senate. When acting in this capacity, the Vice President has only one duty: to break rare tie votes on legislation before the Senate. While the President of the Senate is empowered to preside over Senate sessions, this duty is usually handled by the Senate Majority Leader. In regular practice, vice presidents only visit the Senate chambers when they think a tie vote may be coming up. President Pro Tempore of the Senate The President pro tempore presides over the Senate when the Majority Leader is absent. As a largely honorary position, the President pro tempore is often given to the Senator of the majority party who has served the longest. The phrase â€Å"pro tempore† literally means â€Å"for the time being† in Latin.

British Mistakes During the Revolutionary War Essay example

British Mistakes during the Revolutionary War December 17, 2012 Topic: Was American success in achieving independence due more to General Washington’s strategic skill or to British blunders? While there are numerous contributing factors to America’s success in achieving independence, the most critical factor can be attributed to the series of British mistakes throughout the conflict. Prior to the onset of the Revolutionary War, the British government faced serious challenges, both politically and fiscally. The conclusion of the French and Indian War coupled with the fighting in Europe, India and the West Indies, left Britain with considerable debt and with few to little allies. The British government saw America as a way†¦show more content†¦Both play a critical and equally important role in any campaign and during the American Revolution both proved to be a detriment to the British forces. From early on the British were confronted with serious challenges with providing provisions for troops operating in America. During the war, British provisioning strategy relied heavily on sustainment support to come from the homeland. The 3000-mile trip proved to a tactical hindrance in feeding the troops as well as resupplying with ammunition, blankets, shoes and armament. Often taking several months to arrive, the supplies arrived spoiled and unusable. Further amplifying the issue, the U.S. Continental Congress authorized â€Å"legal piracy† which attributed to the seizing of over 300 British ships during the war. In addition to the resupply of troops, insufficient and ineffective use of transportation resources diminished British effectiveness on the battlefield. Due to poor planning and negligent communication between commanders, the various transport agencies utilized to resupply the British army struggled with prioritizing missions and did not effectively communicate with each other. In addition, independent decisions were made to keep units on-station to move troops vice sending back to resupply. Misaligned campaign plans and the lack of communication and collaboration among commandersShow MoreRelatedWhy Is History A Contentious Subject Within Schools Around The World?936 Words   |  4 Pagesan insight into the present and the future. It teaches us as a nation and how to deal with circumstances that bear a significant resemblance to those of centuries. History also teaches us the mistakes of the past and when people are knowledgeable about history it is less likely for them to repeat the mistakes of the past. Without history our generation will be the dark about who they are. History need to be taught whether it is good or bad and relevant history need to be told. Early American historyRead MoreThe Battle Of The Revolutionary War1263 Words   |  6 Pagesthe militiamen continued to move forward. As the militiamen closed in the British fired the first volley, Private Abner Hosmer and Captain Isaac Davis were at the head of the march and were killed instantly. That volley was the start of the Revolutionary War and is now known as the â€Å"Shot Heard around the World†. The militiamen returned the volley which devastated the Redcoats. Eight officers were wounded and one British soldier lay dead and another mortally wounded. The Redcoats returned theRead MoreEssay about American Success in Achieving Independence1517 Words   |  7 Pagesindependence due more to General Washington’s strategic skill or to British blunders? Introduction The British military was considered the strongest in the world at the outreach of fighting between England and the American colonies in 1775. Britain had just defeated France and the Indians in the Seven Years War and had attained its prominence as a world’s superpower. Yet despite Britain’s overpowering military dominance, the British found themselves unable to subdue General Washington and the AmericanRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1644 Words   |  7 Pagescolonial government. It took the colonists nearly a decade before they had had enough of the british. The British had tried to increase taxes. With the taxes increasing it caused the colonists to become very upset with the British. Causing them to meet the Britishes taxing by a heated protest about wanting the same rights as other British citizens. It didn t take long for violence to break out, when British officers decided to fire their muskets into a crowd of rebellious colonists, this was knownRead M oreAn Open Path Behind A Bridge1375 Words   |  6 Pagesthe militiamen continued to move forward. As the militiamen closed in the British fired the first volley, Private Abner Hosmer and Captain Isaac Davis were at the head of the march and were killed instantly. That volley was the start of the Revolutionary War and is now known as the â€Å"Shot Heard around the World†. The militiamen returned the volley which devastated the Redcoats. Eight officers were wounded and one British soldier lay dead and another mortally wounded. The Redcoats returned theRead MoreBattle Of Lexington And Concord1708 Words   |  7 Pagesto leave when a shot rang out. No one really knows who fired first, but the British, hearing the shot, fired upon the small group of militia, killing eight and wounding 10 (1775, 04/19: Battles of Lexington and Concord. (2007, June 26). When the smoke cleared the British began their march to Concord to search for weapons. They planned to burn any weapons they found and march the 18 miles back to Boston. As the British troops marched, they heard the alarms sounding and they knew the colonist wereRead MoreThe Revolutionary War And The War Of Independence1191 Words   |  5 PagesThe Revolutionary war another name for the war of independence and lasted from 1775 and ended 1783. There was a lot of tension between the 13 colonies and the British Monarchy. Smaller battles between British troops and smaller militias near Lexington and Concord kicked off the war. And by 1777 the rebels began a full scale war on Great Britain. The war turned into an international conflict when France joined the war and sided with the American colonists in 1778. With the help of the French the BritishRead MoreAlliances Will Determine The Fate Of The Chickasaw Tribe1319 Words   |  6 Pagesthe fate of the Chickasaw tribe. During the Revo lutionary war, Payamataha, the Chickasaw foreign diplomat, decided that maintaining peace and neutrality would better benefit the tribe and preserve the Chickasaw people and land. With Independence Lost by Kathleen DuVal, Payamataha decision to stay out of the Revolutionary War and advocate peace led to the defeat of the British and results in the loss of the Chickasaw land by the Americans. During the Seven Years War, the Chickasaws suffered many casualtiesRead MoreThe Founding Father Project : George Washington1159 Words   |  5 PagesWashington has achieved all of this by taking part in Pre-Revolutionary War,During the Revolution,and Post-Revolutionary War.He will be forever known as the man who made The United States of America,and â€Å"The Father of his Country†. Before the Revolution, George Washington had been a lieutenant for the colonies in the French and Indian war.He was then and there shamed for not being able to take down the powerful Int Duquesne,but he learned from his mistakes and with William Pitt they took down the fort. HeRead MoreGeneral George Washington As A Leader901 Words   |  4 PagesContinental Army to victory over Great Britain and presiding over the Constitutional Convention. He was indeed born as a leader to which a leader is defined as one who mobilizes others toward a goal shared by leader and followers. During the eight year Revolutionary war from 1775-1783 with Great Britain and America soldiers, General George Washington has proven himself to be a formidable leader that made him recognizable in a much later life such as his presidential selection. John C. Maxwell, the

Market Structure Telecommunications

Question: Discuss about theMarket Structurefor Telecommunications. Answer: Introduction Australian market structures have historically trended towards a fiercely competitive, oligopolistic structure. The finance sector is based around four major banks; Petrol is based on four major retailers; telecommunications were based on three major players, although this structure is currently breaking down; and Supermarkets similar, with its major players being Woolworths and Coles (70 to80% of market-share) with the balance dominated by niche market IGA and similar stores. The Introduction of major world players in all of these industries is creating a huge surge in competition and creating uncertainty in the marketplace, with many investors nervously awaiting outcomes and equilibrium to be restored. Recently, the German Supermarket, Aldi, has entered into the once stable, almost duopolistic, definitely highly concentrated, Australian Market. The introduction of such a huge, renowned and well-funded chain is causing both excitement and nervousness. The introduction of Aldi into t he Australian Market has already seen an increase in competition in order for each of the industry leaders to establish their market share, at times detrimental to primary producers and local industry, but effective in securing employment opportunities and lowering prices to the consumers. Characteristics of Australian Supermarket Industry Before Entry of Aldi Prior to the entry of Aldi into the Australian Market, the supermarket industry was the most concentrated in the world, with Woolworths and Coles dominating at 70 to 80% of the market (Hubbard,Garnett, Lewis O'Brien 2016). The market leaders have competed and remained steady for a number of years. Their strength has made it almost impossible for smaller retailers to enter the market; they simply dont have the buying power, funds or resources needed to financially compete against the Major supermarkets in a price war for market share. It is natural that the two leaders have led the industry and used each other as benchmarks for pricing and stock. They have almost mirrored each other with regard to loyalty programs and advertising. A few number of firms dominated the market of the Australian supermarket industry before the entry of Aldi. There is interdependence among the existing firms and the firms are highly influenced by the activities of each other. The price level and the output level set by one firm affect the business structure of the other company. In the market, there is barrier to enter however; it is less than the monopolistic market. In the oligopolistic market, the advertising is a powerful instruments used by the organisations. There is a presence of high competition in the market due to which the sellers to keep a proper knowledge about the market. The strategies used by the rival companies in the oligopolistic market are also studied carefully. The companies operating in the market enjoyed economies of scale and had control over the essential and the specialised inputs. Furthermore as opined by Fudenberg Tirole, (2013), there is a lack of uniformity in the firm size operating in the oligopolistic market of Australia before the entry of Aldi in the market. There is a huge difference in the sizes of the firms as some firms are too large while some are very small. This results in asymmetrical situation in the market of Australia. Since, the firms in the oligopolistic market are not price makers, it is important for them to stick to the price level set by the market demand and supply. In such a market, when a particular market tries to lower the price level, the other rival companies hit back by minimising their price level further down. Thus, there exists a price war between the firms in the market. On the other hand, if a firm decides to increase the price level with the intention to boost up the profit level, the other companies do not follow by increasing the price level of their products. In such a scenario, price rigidity takes place as neither o f the firms tries to increase or decrease their price level (Horstmann, Kraemer Schnurr, 2015). The oligopolistic experiences a kinked-demand curve due to the presence of competition from the other firms of the market. Figure 1: Demand and supply curve in the Australian market before the entry of Aldi (Source: Horstmann, Kraemer Schnurr, 2015) The demand curve of the oligopolistic market becomes more elastic at a price level above the point P. At this point, the prices are high and consumers try to opt for products that are relatively of lower prices. Therefore, above the price level P, the output of the oligopolistic market falls at a faster pace. Thus, the demand for the output in the market becomes more elastic in nature. Entry of Aldi Retailers in the Once Concentrated Market As soon as Aldi, a world-renowned, resource rich and financially wealthy, Supermarket landed on Australian shores, Australias two major leaders found they werent in a position to squeeze out the competition as they had with previous contenders; Aldi had similar financial resources (Auerbach et al., 2013). As such, they were faced with a third competitor in the market for the same market share. Aldis share of the market has been steadily increasing since their arrival. As such, consumers are seeing low prices as a result of the increased competition, which is, in turn, increasing spending in an economy currently in decline. The introduction is also seeing new employment opportunities. However, investors in the other major chains are seeing their dividends decrease as they compete for what was once their almost designated market share (Rios, McConnell Brue, 2013). The chains are looking to decrease costs in order to compete and sometimes, as we saw with Dairy Farmers, the primary producers can be left bearing these burdens. All three dominant companies are known for sourcing products from other countries and all have overseas investors, which are seeing profits move outside of Australia. In this respect, they are much the same with regard to money being invested elsewhere. Overall, Aldi has had a positive impact on what was previously seen as a sluggish, complacent industry, through increased competition. Limited number of firms controlled the market of Australia after the entry of Aldi, the competitors of Aldi has been worried about the behaviour of Aldi. With the raise in the number of firm prevailing in the tomato soup market in Australia, there would be a raise in the supply of products in the market. This shows a rightwards shift of the supply curve in the tomato soup market of the company. This can be explained with the help of figure 2 , below. Figure 2: Effect on price of the tomato soup with the entry of Aldi (Source: As created by author) From the above figure, it is seen that with the entry of Aldi, there is a raise in the supply of tomato soup in the market. This increase in the supply, creates a rightward shift of the supply curve from S1 to S2. Corresponding to the shift of the supply curve, there is a fall in the price from P1 to P2, and an increase in quantity from Q1 to Q2. There is a fall in the equilibrium level (Walras, L. (2013). The suppliers, who were there earlier in the market, now receive a lower price, than they received earlier. Hence, there is a reduction in the profit margin of the producers. Thus, the entry of Aldi in the market of Australia causes the oligopolistic market to become more competitive in nature. The increase in the competition causes the spending level of the customers to decrease (Pearce, Barbier Markandya, 2013). This causes the overall GDP of the economy to decline as the companies in the market earns lower income. Conclusion The introduction of Aldi into the Australian market has not only increased competition, but also forced the industry to become more efficient within their own market share, even niche market specialists. The result is larger choice for consumers, more competitive pricing, greater job opportunities and more efficient industry overall. Whilst industry leaders will continue to fight for their share of the Australian market, the market will find its new equilibrium for both consumers, producers and investors. After the introduction of Aldi in the market of Australia, not only was the business of Aldi was affected but also the market and the business of the rival companies. The increased in the market competition due to the entry of Aldi caused the price level of the products in the market to fall. However, the increased competition caused the overall GDP of the income to fall due to the lower spending of consumers. References Auerbach, A. J., Chetty, R., Feldstein, M., Saez, E. (Eds.). (2013).Handbook of public economics(Vol. 5). Newnes. Fudenberg, D., Tirole, J. (2013).Dynamic models of oligopoly. Taylor Francis. Horstmann, N., Kraemer, J., Schnurr, D. (2015). Oligopoly competition in continuous time.Available at SSRN 2630664. Hubbard,G., Garnett,A., Lewis,P., O'Brien,T. (2016). essentials of economics (3rded.). Melbourne: Pearson. Okuguchi, K., Szidarovszky, F. (2012).The theory of oligopoly with multi-product firms. Springer Science Business Media. Pearce, D., Barbier, E., Markandya, A. (2013).Sustainable development: economics and environment in the Third World. Routledge. Rios, M. C., McConnell, C. R., Brue, S. L. (2013).Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill. Walras, L. (2013).Elements of pure economics. Routledge.

Should The Obama Generation Drop Out free essay sample

When it comes to embarking on post secondary education the views of it’s importance and relevance is controversial. In Murray’s Op-Ed piece, â€Å"Should The Obama Generation Drop Out†, he believes a college education is unnecessary. I, however disagree with Murray’s notion. College is necessary according to a person’s career choice and it’s requirements. Throughout my middle and high school years, both my peers and I were strongly encouraged to go to college. I was not only urged by teachers, but my family members also. It is intriguing how closely connected that is after Murray discussed how college is promoted and organized. Growing up, I was taught that college would be the door of opportunity to a better life guaranteed. While college maybe unnecessary for some, it is necessary for others. As for myself, I believe college is necessary in order for me to advance towards my career in Journalism. We will write a custom essay sample on Should The Obama Generation Drop Out ? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Upon my high school graduation, I had decided to go straight into the workforce. At the time I preferred to have a job making money instead of going to school losing money. Quickly, I learned that I was still losing money even though I was working. I was working for survival, just to make ends meet†, and in opposite direction of the career I desired. That experience alone encouraged me to pursue my college education even more because I knew I could not make it without it. Nowadays a bachelor’s degree is a prerequisite for jobs in journalism, regardless of the fact that one may have the experience or talent. My purpose for being in school is to get a deeper understanding of the media industry and career I aspire. The only way to attain the knowledge I require is by going to college. Murray’s notion is to repudiate the bachelor’s degree as a job qualification. Therefore, focusing more on vocational training and certification exams and carefully selecting the applicant who possesses the acquired skills. He quotes, â€Å"It’s what you can do that should count when you apply for a job, not where you learned to do it†. He believes this is probably why many young adults are not able to get a degree or desire to attend a four year college. He also stated, â€Å"A large majority of young people do not have the intellectual ability to do genuine college level work†. And continues on with a statistic that â€Å"10 to 20 percent of all 18 year olds fully absorb liberal arts textbooks but the percentage is lower in the are of science and engineering. † Murray claims that there will not be any improvements in the primary and secondary education to increase percentage and disciplines taught at the college level because they are too complex. He also said that college degrees works for upper class children and those who want to go to college. Murray states, â€Å"They want to learn how to get a satisfying job that also pays well†. For that to even be possible, the student must pursue some form of a higher education at a four year university, but Murray argued that it should no longer be necessary if certificate testing is optional. Even though Murray acknowledges that, I feel that his attitude towards secondary education is pessimistic. He is realistic about certain educational views, but overall his tone sounds subdued. It seems as though a student’s laziness is acceptable and that it’s not imperative for them strive for success. If laziness is accepted it only obstructs the student’s abilities. Murray seems to be okay with the standards being lower. I believe that having a college degree displays to the employer that the applicant is capable of accomplishing goals. After have carefully considering Murray’s arguments, I disagree that the Obama Generation Should â€Å"Drop Out†. Without a college education I do not believe that I would view the world as I do now. If I didn’t have the courses and teachers I have now, I would not think as intuitively as I do now. I would like to reflect back to one of our previous readings in Fahrenheit 451; I quote, â€Å"Do you know why books such as this are so important? Because they have quality. And what does the word quality mean? To me it means texture. This book has pores†. This quote, best represents the importance of having secondary education. Without it we lack quality, and the education that we receive will provide the texture we need in our lives. Outside of my educational attributes, there is one main reason why I am pursuing my college education so viciously. My great grandmother is my inspiration to keep pushing towards obtaining my degree. Being that my great grandmother was unable to get a primary education because she had to be in the cotton fields to make a living for her family saddens me. So, I am grateful for the opportunity to be able to have a college education. I think we all forget to look at the bigger picture of it all. I’ve never thought that education was a waste because without it we would not know anything. Also, as a young child I have always been curious about learning new things. The more I know, the more my eagerness becomes to learn more. Out the many things that we will possess in a lifetime, our education will always be with us. It can’t be repossessed or stripped away from us, it is something we will carry to the grave. You should only drop out if being in college is not a means to an end. Meaning, that you are here because you were made to go by your parents or you’re just going to say that you have gone. There are careers that you don’t need a college education in order to be successful. However, education is still apart of it. View as multi-pages TOPICS IN THIS DOCUMENT Academic degree, College, Gymnasium, High school, Higher education, Madrasah, Secondary education, University RELATED DOCUMENTS Drop Outs Educational Failure â€Å"Every year, over 1. 2 million students drop out of high school in the United States alone. Thats a student every 26 seconds – or 7,000 a day† (Thornbergh). Why this happening and more importantly, what is being done to solve this problem? Because of boring classes, too much freedom, and just a lack of motivation, students nationwide are dropping out of school, and are starting on the path of minimum wage and regret. Schools are 989 Words | 5 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Cause of College Drop Outs they all come down to these: poor academic performance, financial problem and troubles with the course. Firstly, the ability to study is the main element for learning effectively. Poor academic performance is the leading reason that makes students drop out. A lot of students who have been accepted to a college aren’t focused also lacking academic skills and self-motivation abilities. Students who may have maintained an average performance in high school may find 989 Words | 2 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Factors Affecting the Increase of Drop Outs affect you regarding school matter ? Table 7 : Does your peer behave affect in school ? Table 8 : Does the school facilities , teaching equipments and teachers affect your studying ? Table 9 : What do you think is the main reason of drop outs of student ? vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 : Do you like your course now ? Figure 2 : Is there any person who motivates you to pursue your course ? Figure 3 : If ever you 989 Words | 4 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Raising the Drop Out Age Persuasive Paper Raising the Drop Out Age Students at the age of 16 are too young to make life changing decisions about their education. In the United States almost every state complies with the age limit of 16 for a student to be able to decide as to whether they would want to continue their education. The age requirement to be able to make this decision should be raised to 18 because education is important, 16 is not a mature age to make such a 989 Words | 3 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT High School Drop Outs Statement: I believe that dropping out of school is the direct result of strain caused by the economic/political institutions that are within the social structure. Introduction: The Social Structure is the housing for the social institutions: Politics, Economics, Mass Media, Groups/Organizations, Family, Education and Religion. What I plan to discuss in this research project is how economic and political institutions contribute to the cause of dropping 989 Words | 6 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT School Drop Out Introduction 1 Justification 3 Topic 6 Problematic 6 Sub-problematic 6 General Objective 7 Identify causes dropouts in seventh graders Heredia Lyceum. 7 Specific Objectives 7 Hypothesis 7 Theoretical Framework 8 School Drop out 8 Factors of school Drop out 9 Family 9 Bullying 10 Educational System 14 The Economic Factor 18 The use and abuse of drugs 20 Analyses and Results 22 Conclusions and Recommendations 31 989 Words | 24 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Drop Out Rate Lopez 1 Eng 1301. 01 Professor Blakemore 22 October 2010 Comparing â€Å"Heroes† Heroes are people who do well with their lives. Heroes are people society looks up to; people who make a difference. In Losing Private Dwyer by Lawrence Downes and In Chronicle of an American Execution by Dan Barry, Daryl Holton and Joseph Dwyer were both â€Å"Heroes,† they were men who were at one point looked up to but then everything changed. An army man is what they were. Within the two narratives, veterans 989 Words | 4 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT High School Drop Outs The prevalence of high school drop outs is increasing alarmingly. This is the government concern because today statistics show that there is high rate of high school drop out all over the United States. Because of this the US government is finding ways to avoid this threatening situation to get worse. High school drop outs are not a very good sign for their country’s future. Increase of drop 989 Words | 3 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT CITE THIS DOCUMENT APA (2014, 03). Should The Obama Generation Drop Out ?. StudyMode. com. Retrieved 03, 2014, from http://www. studymode. com/essays/Should-The-Obama-Generation-Drop-Out-48477870. html MLA MLA 7 CHICAGO

Symposium De Virtual essays

Symposium De Virtual essays Webster defines cyberspace to be the online world of computer networks, which only makes you believe that Webster has no clue what its talking about. Yes, it is a large network, but it is oh so much more. It has its problems such as cyber crime, hacking, invasion of privacy and other things that need regulations, but the main grandeur of the Internet, is spectacular. My Point of view differs from any I know, which makes cyberspace the concept of concepts. If a survey were being done on how people experience cyberspace, you would immediately notice that no two answers would be the same. Experiencing cyberspace is something that is different for every person. I myself, experience cyberspace psychologically, I experience it in my mind. There have been many attempts at trying to define the complex term, but up to date, no one has pinned the tail on the donkey. There cannot be one solid definition for a word that possesses so many meanings. I personally associate the word cyberspace with the idea of being able to travel to distant places without ever leaving my chair (which I rarely do). Obviously, I know that there is no way of visiting different places or countries using my home computer, but in my mind, when I see the location that I am connected to, it feel as though a part of me is there. The best part is that I can switch from place to place without having to walk a single inch of land. I dont feel a sense of distance or location, e xcept when it takes a long time to connect to a host. When I travel from place to place (site to site), I dont cover any known physical distances, but instead I cover visual distance. Just as many people do, I refer to the places that I visit as virtual worlds. I like calling them this because I never actually get to see the reality of the "world". I only get to see it electronically and digitally. The feeling that I experience while in cy ...

Definition and Examples of Media in Communications

Definition and Examples of Media in Communications In the communication process, a medium is a channel or system of communication- the means by which  information (the message) is transmitted  between a speaker or writer (the sender) and an audience (the receiver). The plural form is  media, and its also known as a channel. The medium used to send a message may range from an individuals voice, writing, clothing, and body language to forms of mass communication such as newspapers, television, and the internet. Communication Media Changes Over Time Before the printing press, mass communication didnt exist, as books were hand-written and literacy wasnt widespread throughout all social classes. The invention of moveable type was a major communication innovation for the world. Author Paula S. Tompkins sums up the history of communication and change thusly: When a communication medium changes, our practices  and  experiences of communication also change. The technology of writing liberated human communication from the medium of face-to-face (f2f) interaction. This  change affected both the process and  experience of communication, as persons no longer needed to be physically present to communicate with one another. The technology of the printing press further promoted the medium of writing by  mechanizing the creation and distribution of the written word. This began the new communication form of mass communication in pamphlets, newspapers, and cheap books, in contrast to the medium of handwritten documents and books.  Most recently, the medium of digital technology  is again changing the process and experience of human communication.(Practicing Communication Ethics: Development, Discernment, and Decision-Making. Routledge, 2016) Television mass media used to distill the news into a nightly news hour. With the advent of 24-hour news channels on cable, people could check in hourly or at any point in the hour to find out the latest news. Now, with social media platforms and the ubiquitous smartphones in our pockets, we can check news and happenings- or be alerted of them- constantly throughout the day. This puts a lot more news up front just because its the most recent. News outlets and channels looking for peoples eyeballs on their content (and advertisers) have a lot of pressure to keep those updates coming to peoples feeds. The outrageous, shocking, and easily digestible gets shared more widely than something thats complex and nuanced. Something short gets read more widely than something long. Authors James W. Chesebro and Dale A. Bertelsen noted how modern messaging seems a lot more like marketing than discourse, and their observation has only been amplified with the advent of social media: [A] significant shift in the nature of communication has been reported for several decades. Increasingly, it has been noted that a shift from a content orientation- with its emphasis on the ideational or substantive dimension of  discourse- to a concern for form or  medium- with an emphasis on image, strategy, and patterns of discourse- has been identified as a central feature of the information age. (Analyzing Media: Communication Technologies as Symbolic and Cognitive Systems. Guilford Press, 1996) Is the Medium the Message? If the medium through which information is delivered via affects what people get out of it, that could have big implications for today. As people move away from the in-depth coverage of an issue they can receive in print media to getting more information from social media, they consume increasing amounts of their information in soundbites, shared snippets of news that may be slanted (or fake, i.e., completely invented with no basis in fact), or inaccurate. In the modern age of people will remember it if you repeat it often enough- it doesnt matter if its true, it takes deeper dives into the information by message receivers to find out the real story and any hidden motives behind the headlines. If the medium doesnt equate with the message, its still true that different formats carry different versions of the same story, such as in depth of information or in emphasis.

Criticizing Augustine's Account of Natural and Moral Evil Essay

Criticizing Augustine's Account of Natural and Moral Evil - Essay Example A number of mortals will be saved by the love and compassion of God, and others will be denounced to endless suffering. Ultimately, the justice and goodness of God are expressed. After reading the City of God, particularly Books XI-XIV, I came to oppose Augustine’s explanation of the roots and of the ultimate nature of moral evil. It is argued that the concept of temporarily faultless entities intentionally giving in to sin is meaningless and paradoxical. A genuinely faultless entity, albeit free to commit transgressions, would ideally or, in truth, never commit even one sin. To point the root of evil to the intentional wrongdoing of a faultless entity is hence to claim the ultimate irony that evil has shaped itself out of nothing. Moreover, there seems to be a dissonance between this theological account and the canon of predestination of Augustine, which effectively creates the root of moral evil within the liability and intention of God. The canon of Augustine talks about th e descending of angels. Augustine introduced the notion of Natural and Moral evil. The former are the occurrences that resemble evil, like war, flood, earthquakes, etc. They resemble evil because human beings are ruled by selfishness, have an imperfect consciousness and understanding and are not capable of discerning the ‘grand purpose’ of the unraveling play of God. Hence, when seen in the point of view of God’s grand purpose, natural evils cease to appear evil in any way. In contrast, moral evil is the outcome of human action and will. These are the blameworthy outcomes of a resolve that has become tied to mundane or inferior principles and activities, viewing them as though they were greater. Basically, moral evil is the deviation of the will from God and relating itself to lower principles as though they were greater. My purpose in this paper is to argue against Augustine’s account of the Natural evil and Moral evil or, more particularly, the problem o f evil. The Flaws of Augustine’s Natural Evil and Moral Evil I mostly disagree to the notion that God granted good being the liberty to commit sin. If a creature is faultless in its righteousness it would in no way commit any transgression even though it is free to do so. Evil would therefore have to form itself out of nothing, which is absurd. Nevertheless, it is not logical that moral faultlessness essentially involves indisputability. Moreover, Augustine’s dispute of the Manichean’s notion of the human soul as Light’s divided component would eradicate the vital difference between the maker and the created (Jones 1969). In addition, it would weaken the responsibility of human beings for the perpetration of sin. The argument of Augustine, by eliminating the essence of Satan as a contributory factor, makes all the arguments of the Manicheans illogical (Jones 1969). Similar to all excellent critiques Augustine prevails by eliminating the core principle tha t the argument of the Manicheans is rooted in: â€Å"God, being supremely real, is supremely good. God’s creatures, being in varying degrees less real than God, are in corresponding degrees less good. Their so-called evil is simply the absence of goodness and reality; it is the inevitable consequence of their status as creature† (Jones 1969, 95). Moreover, Natural evil is the outcome of human weaknesses, more particularly, human beings’

3rd Party Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

3rd Party Logistics - Essay Example Customer Adapter: they deal with small clients by offering all logistics functions to their clients at their request and help to improve those services without introducing new services (Dimitris, 2012). 3PL integrate with customers to provide one or more logistic related functions such as warehousing, transportation, packaging, distribution, etc. 4PL firms use the services of 3PL to offer complete supply chain solutions to other firms basing its performance on technologies, accumulation of resources and managerial capacity (Coyle et al., 2012). While 3PL targets particular functions, 4PL is involved in managing the entire logistics process. Different firms arrive at a decision on whether to hire or not to hire the services of 3PL in a variety of ways. Such decisions emanate from the corporate level, divisional level or local level. Firms learn about the services of 3PL in various ways including the â€Å"sales calls by representatives of the contract logistics firms and discussions with other logistics professionals† (Dapiran et al., 1996, p.39). Different stakeholders should discuss and come to an agreement on whether to use 3PL. If there is a mutual agreement to hire 3PL, the firm should assess various 3Pl firms in order to determine the most successful firm (Coyle et al., 2012). At this point, the organization should consider their personal knowledge of the contractor, coverage, references, prior experience, competence, expertise in project management and implementation of new system. The firm may issue a request for quotation (RFQ) in order to obtain feedback from the interested bidders upon which they can base their decision by selecting prequalified contractor. The firm receives a proposal from 3PL vendors and makes a review to match the requirements and criteria (Autry et al., 2013). The 3PL presents their company and discusses solutions and benefits. Then the firm will

The Baisakhi Festival Is a Seasonal Festival Essay Example for Free

The Baisakhi Festival Is a Seasonal Festival Essay The Baisakhi festival is a seasonal festival. It is celebrated all over the Punjab and Haryana by all classes of people. Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs all take part in this celebration. It falls in he first day of baisakh. It falls every year in the 13th of April. On this day people put on new clothes. They prepare Halawa and several tasty things at home. Baisakhi Fair A fair is held everywhere in connection with the Baisakhi festival. The site of the fair is a place which is religiously famous. Generally the fair is held by the side of a river. The religious body is in charge of the fair. A day before the fair there seen a regular bazaar. There are stalls of sweet, toys fruits on either side of it. On Baisakhi day there is great rush in the fair. There is no place in the fair without visitors. In the fair the crowd is so great that you cannot meet with it even in the over crowded cities. You cannot elbow your way through it easily. Description On one side of the bazaar merry-go-rounds attract the people. They whirl in the air with children and boys of all ages sitting them. The boys enjoy their rides. Near them are the rope dancers. They do their feats on the rope. The moneys men make their monkeys show the same feats as were shown by their forefathers about a hundred years ago. Country Dance On the other side of the bazaar crowd of people can be seen standing on a circle. In the middle there is a group of villagers. They are mostly farmers. They are giving a show of their country dance with the beating of drum. Each one of these villagers has a stick in his hand. These sticks are raised in the air as the dancers lift both hands and raise their legs. They cry,. Gone is Baisakhi, Gone in Baisakhi. The sight is worth seeing. The excitement and enthusiasm of the dancers are very great. So many of onlookers forget there sense of shyness and join the dancers. The dance is wild indeed. Shamianas of Religious Parties Side by side with these means of amusement arrangement are made for the elderly people who are serious and religious minded. Hindus, Arya Samajist and Sikhs have out up their Shamianasunder which they are giving lecture on religion and are signing hymns. The number of the people who are listening to them is small. It is much smaller as compared with huge crowd gathered around the dancers to enjoy the dance. Those people who gather under the Shamianas do not care for the worldly attachments. They go on with their duty. Conclusion By the time evening drawn near, people get tired. They are glad to return home with sweets, toys and fruits for their children for the next day.

Social Class in George Bernard Shaws Pygmalion and Heartbreak House Es

Social class can be thought of as a very important indicator of who a person is. Social class is defined as a broad group in society having common economic, cultural, or political status. Where somebody comes from can effect somebody's decision to become involved with that person or not, can effect whether that person will be hired for a job or not and can often effect they way one is looked at and treated by society. Either way, class distinction is always evident within society. Using two plays by George Bernard Shaw, the relevance of the statement, ?class distinction is always evident within society,? will be shown through the use of examples, from both texts. The specific categories of examples are, character, style and setting. In these categories, Pygmalion and Heartbreak House will prove to be more different to each other than they are similar. In the plays, Pygmalion and Heartbreak House, it is shown through character?s speech, actions and mannerisms, that class distinction is always evident within society. The characters, Henry Higgins, the Eynsford Hill family, and Colonial Pickering, all show how social class and economic rank are important in the play, Pygmalion. Henry Higgins shows discrimination towards the lower class Eliza Doolittle by addressing her not as a lady but as a ?draggletailed guttersnipe? (Shaw, Pygmalion, 26). When Eliza Doolittle enters the Higgins/ Pickering residence, Henry Higgins is not sure what to do with such a dirty lower class girl, he asks Pickering, ?shall we ask this baggage to sit down, or shall we throw her out the window (Shaw, Pygmalion, 23). These comments towards Eliza Doolittle greatly hurt her self esteem and show that even when somebody is being as polite as they possi... ...plimentary. Using the style of naturalism it was shown that in Pygmalion, current environment is the true indicator of what social class one belongs, whereas in Heartbreak House it was shown that heredity is the more accurate indicator. In the category of style, Pygmalion and Heartbreak House are more different than they are similar. In exploring the setting of nineteenth century England, that was used for both plays, it was shown that even in times of revolution and in times of war, class distinction is always present. In the category of setting, Pygmalion and Heartbreak House prove to be more alike than different. Since two out of three categories show that the two plays are more different, the previous hypothesis proves true: Pygmalion and Heartbreak House are more different than they are alike when it comes to social class and the role that it plays in both texts.

Interpretations of our Culture and gender Essay

Culture is a representation of many aspects ranging from indigenous practices, eating habits and even clothing, thus culture is expressed all the way through many and various ways, customs, habits and behaviors. Nevertheless culture is also identified through language. Culture and language are so intertwined and in that complexity, culture can neither be separated from language nor can language be separated from culture. The way people choose to use language in various phases of life affiliates them to a one specific culture from the other. In this context, cultures are very different from one another, for instance in some cultures women have no voice in society and there are roles that they are not allowed to play. However, (Embers 2007) note that, â€Å"it must not be forgotten that some people can create a class through stratification or class which may end in discrimination or segregation†. In this case there is class of the poor and another of the rich and through these classes; people develop a culture befitting them. In matters of sex or gender, some ethnic groups are very discriminative towards women and the class of women has been given lesser roles in society than men. Women do not make decisions or are not involved in decision making processes or procedures. However, it has dawned in many cultures that women play vital roles for the survival of many societies. Many rigid cultures that have rendered women voiceless have realized women at many a times make brilliant decisions than expected. So, what have they done? Women have been listened to and many have been given powerful leadership positions in such cultures to make impacting decisions. Currently, in many cultures women are leaders and they have performed. So far so good, there is no major disagreement and the way forward for many cultures is not to use gender or sex as a whip, but to be specific let girls and boys in any cultural setting get equal education, position and or all other favors, then give them equal opportunities. Reference: Ember, C. & Ember, M. (2007). Cultural Anthropology, 12th Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

Ben and Jerry’s Case Study

This case study comes from the second edition of Business Strategy: an introduction published in 2001. It is very readable and interesting, providing students with insights into how two entrepreneurs who set up an ice cream shop in a renovated petrol station became the names behind one of the most well-known ice cream brands around the globe. Students will find out how Ben and Jerry tackled the almighty (at the time) Pillsbury and Hà ¤agen-Dazs, how they developed a brand to distinguish them from competitors which included a focus on people and giving back to society, and how they successfully used PR to come up trumps in the ‘ice cream war’.At the end of the case study you will find a series of questions for students to get them thinking critically about Ben & Jerry’s strategy from its humble beginnings to where it is now. The case also provides the opportunity for students to conduct research into the current state of play. They could find out how Ben & Jerryâ €™s have further developed their brand and product offerings (they now have ice cream counters in cinemas, they offer a full selection of Fair Trade ice creams, etc. ) and what competition they now face, if any.Students will find it helpful to read chapter 20 on social responsibililty and business ethics. They could also use this longer case study as a springboard for their work on the Strategic Planning Software (SPS), to which they have free access with purchase of the textbook. The beginning Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield became friends at school in the late 1960s in Burlington, Vermont in the North Eastern United States. Their reputation as the two ‘odd' eccentrics at school led them to form a strong friendship that would last for many decades.When they left school, both Ben and Jerry became ‘hippies' – social drop-outs who lived an alternative and unconventional lifestyle. They both grew their hair and a beard and together with their dog, Malcolm, they mo ved in together as flatmates. One of the interests they shared was in food and as they discussed various ways of making a living, they concluded that the two most exciting areas of fast food at the time were bagels and ice cream. Having established that the equipment needed to bake bagels would cost $40,000, the two men enrolled on an ice cream making correspondence course for the cost of $5 each.In 1978, having developed some basic ice cream recipes, Ben and Jerry set up a shop in a renovated petrol station in Burlington with a capital investment of $12,000 ($4,000 of which was borrowed). From the outset, Ben and Jerry wanted to produce a premium product and the fact that it was made from ‘fresh Vermont milk and cream' was stressed. The outlet was called ‘Ben & Jerry's Homemade ice cream' and to give the shop a unique and welcoming character, they employed a piano player to play blues in the background. Initially, the shop was a success amongst Burlington locals, many o f whom had known the men when they were growing up.The staff that Ben and Jerry employed were encouraged to take the same ‘hippiesh' view of business activity as the owners (‘every day was a party'), but the major competitive advantage arose from the uniqueness of the product. Whereas the majority of ice cream products were traditionally-flavoured, Ben and Jerry introduced unusual flavours with ‘chunks' to make the textures more interesting, such as fruit, chocolate, nuts, toffee and similar sweets. ‘Chunky' ice cream became the prominent feature of the new organisation's image. During the summer of 1978, customer numbers grew as the reputation of the shop and the ice cream grew.It was when the winter set in at the end of the year that the troubles began. Over the counter ice cream sales dried up and Ben and Jerry realised they would have to find other outlets for their products if they were to avoid bankruptcy. They persuaded a number of local grocers in Ver mont to stock the product in one pint tubs, but it soon transpired that a broader customer base would be needed. Having approached a number of national supermarket chains, Ben Cohen learned that the size of the business, not to mention his appearance and attitude to business, made the buyers reluctant to take stock from him.He was advised that he ought to seek to sell the ice cream to large independent ice cream distributors in neighbouring states who would then sell the product on to the major retail multiples. It was then that Ben and Jerry encountered a problem. The Pillsbury confrontation Ben approached the Dari-Farms corporation with a view to have it distribute Ben & Jerry's ice cream throughout the New England states. Dennis Silva, the company vice-president, agreed to take some Ben & Jerry's stock despite Ben's unconventional approach to business.In order to increase distribution further, Ben also approached Paul's Distributors where its chairman, Chuck Green, also agreed to act as a Ben & Jerry distributor. The market leader in the super-premium ice cream segment at the time was Hà ¤agen Dazs, which was then owned by the large US based Pillsbury Corporation. Pillsbury turned over $4 billion a year and had extensive food interests in addition to Hà ¤agen-Dazs including Green Giant (vegetables) and Burger King, the fast food outlet. Kevin Hurley, president of the Hà ¤agen Dazs subsidiary of Pillsbury, was the son-in-law of the company's founder, Reuben Matthus.Matthus had started Hà ¤agen-Dazs in 1959 in New York. He came up with the Danish-sounding name in the belief that it conjured up a feeling in the consumer of an exotic European brand. By 1984 when the confrontation with Ben & Jerry's took place, Hà ¤agen-Dazs held a 70% share of the super-premium ice cream market. When Hurley discovered that both Dari-Farms and Paul's were distributing Ben & Jerry's as well as Hà ¤agen-Dazs, he rang both Dennis Silva and Chuck Green. Although Ben & Jerry's still had only a tiny share of the market compared to Hà ¤agen-Dazs, Hurley was determined that the distributors he used were not going to help a competitor.â€Å"We didn't say to the distributor ‘You can't carry Ben & Jerry's. We asked them to make a choice'† said Hurley. â€Å"We just told them [Silva and Green] that they couldn't sell Ben & Jerry's and Hà ¤agen-Dazs. † This ‘it's us or them' ultimatum took the two distributors by surprise and it presented a distressing dilemma. â€Å"We were just stunned at this comment coming from Hà ¤agen-Dazs, this huge company where we were selling trailer loads of ice cream, versus this minuscule amount of Ben & Jerry's we were selling† said Chuck Green of Paul's Distribution. â€Å"They had drawn this line in the sand saying that we had to make a decision.†When Ben and Jerry heard of Hurley's threat, they arranged a meeting with the distributors to discuss the situation. In view of the potential of Ben & Jerry's, neither distributor wanted to stop taking their products, but at the same time, the thought of having Hà ¤agen-Dazs withdraw their supply could prove very damaging indeed. The three parties agreed that they would need legal representation if they were to take on the might of Pillsbury and they chose Howie Fuguet, a business lawyer who had spent his professional life defending large organisations. Like Ben and Jerry, Howie was an eccentric.He was said to have cared little for his appearance and had holes in his shoes. He agreed that Pillsbury had behaved in a curious way and sent off a letter to them setting out the nature of Ben & Jerry's grievance. Protesting that Hurley had acted unfairly, Howie wrote to the Board of Pillsbury. â€Å"It would be wishful thinking on the part of your subsidiary's officers [Hà ¤agen-Dazs] to imagine that it can bully Ben & Jerry's, stifle its growth and cause it to roll over† wrote Howie. â€Å"Ben & Jerry's represents a cla ssic entrepreneurial success story and its owners are aggressive.Hà ¤agen-Dazs will have to learn to compete on their merits in the market place. That is the American way and that is what competition is all about. † Notwithstanding the apparent ‘correctness' of Ben & Jerry's case, the legal odds were clearly stacked against them. If they couldn't beat the ‘bullying' Hà ¤agen-Dazs through normal legal channels, then another weapon would be needed. The ‘dough boy' campaign The key move was to make Pillsbury the target of the campaign and not Hà ¤agen-Dazs; Pillsbury was bigger and had more to lose. Since the mid 1960s, the symbol of Pillsbury was the Pillsbury ‘dough boy'.The dough boy was used by Pillsbury in its advertising and other corporate communications and was a valuable symbol of the company's identity. So as to avoid the appearance of an ‘ice cream war’ between two competitors, Howie proposed that they attacked the Pillsbury comp any by specifically targeting the dough boy. Accordingly, the What's the dough boy afraid of? campaign was launched, intentionally designed to appear as a ‘David versus Goliath' conflict where a small company (Ben & Jerry's) had been unfairly treated by a large ‘bully' in the shape of Pillsbury.â€Å"We didn't really know a thing about PR. We were just trying to survive† said Ben Cohen. â€Å"If we were going to go down, we wanted to let as many people as we could know what was going on. [We wanted to say that] the reason why you can't find Ben and Jerry's on the shelf is because this big corporation [Pillsbury] is trying to prevent you, the consumer, from having a choice about what kind of ice cream you want to buy. † The campaign included T-shirts, bumper stickers, bill posters and other media which all bore the statement â€Å"What's the dough boy afraid of? â€Å".Jerry launched a one-man campaign outside the Pillsbury headquarters in Minneapolis, Min nesota and it wasn't long before the local television news programmes started carrying the story on a regular basis. This made the public sympathise with Ben & Jerry's, but also provided a lot of free publicity for the company and its products. From its 17-strong legal department, Pillsbury assigned Richard Wegener to ‘get rid of' the ‘Ben & Jerry problem'. Wegener quickly realised the size of the task facing Pillsbury. â€Å"The publicity became bigger than the dispute itself† said Wegener.The reputation of Pillsbury was at stake and Wegener sought to bring a rapid end to the controversy. Realising that the campaign had grabbed the public's attention and the sympathies were predominantly with Ben & Jerry's, Wegener advised Hurley to back down. Kevin Hurley was persuaded to sign an out-of-court settlement agreeing not to coerce any distributors. The campaign was over and Ben & Jerry's had won. The controversy not only ensured the defeat of Pillsbury, it also acted unwittingly as an enormous amount of publicity for the Ben & Jerry's brand.After the victory The success of Ben & Jerry's after the Pillsbury confrontation was marked. The distribution channels were widened still further until Ben & Jerry's ice cream was supplied through supermarkets, grocery stores, convenience stores, and food service operations, as well as through licensed ‘scoop shops’ (shops selling just their ice cream), franchised scoop shops, and company-owned scoop shops. By 1992, the company's turnover exceeded $130 million and it was on the verge of international development into the United Kingdom.In the super-premium ice cream sector, a number of new and distinctive product flavours were launched including ‘Milk chocolate ice cream and white fudge cows swirled with white chocolate ice cream and dark fudge cows,' ‘Chocolate comfort low fat ice cream,' ‘Mocha latte' and ‘Triple caramel chunk ice cream. ‘ In addition, non-ice cre am frozen desserts were introduced including a range of ice cream ‘novelties', frozen yoghurts and sorbets such as ‘Chunky Monkey frozen yoghurt – banana frozen yoghurt with fudge flakes and walnuts.'The Ben & Jerry's name and the company's reputation for quality meant that the new products became quickly adopted by the market. The personality of the founders helped to frame the company's culture and its mission. Two important statements were released which described the company's approach to its business. In 1988, the company stated that â€Å"We are dedicated to the creation and demonstration of a new corporate concept of linked prosperity. † This was articulated via its Philanthropy Statement and its Mission Statement.Ben & Jerry's Philanthropy Ben & Jerry's gives away 7. 5 percent of its pre-tax earnings in three ways: the Ben & Jerry's Foundation; employee Community action Teams at five Vermont sites; and through corporate grants made by the Director o f Social Mission Development. We support projects which are models for social change – projects which exhibit creative problem solving and hopefulness. The Foundation is managed by a nine member employee board and considers proposals relating to children and families, disadvantaged groups, and the environment.Mission Statement – Ben & Jerry's Ben & Jerry's is dedicated to the creation & demonstration of a new corporate concept of linked prosperity. Our mission consists of three interrelated parts: wTo make, distribute and sell the finest quality all-natural ice cream and related products in a wide variety of innovative flavors made from Vermont dairy products. wTo operate the Company on a sound financial basis of profitable growth, increasing value for our shareholders, and creating career opportunities and financial rewards for our employees.wTo operate the Company in a way that actively recognizes the central role that business plays in the structure of society by in itiating innovative ways to improve the quality of life of a broad community – local, national, and international. Underlying the mission of Ben & Jerry's is the determination to seek new and creative ways of addressing all three parts, while holding a deep respect for the individuals, inside & outside the company, and for the communities of which they are a part. Questions for students: 1.Identify the stakeholders that Ben & Jerry’s and Hà ¤agen-Dazs had in common at the time of the controversy. 2. Which of Donaldson and Preston’s view of stakeholders did Hà ¤agen-Dazs have at the time of the confrontation? Provide evidence from the case in your answer. 3. Which of Donaldson and Preston’s view of stakeholders did Ben & Jerry’s have in the case? Provide evidence from the case in your answer. 4. Comment upon the ethical behaviour of the two ‘sides’ of the Pillsbury dough boy campaign. Which side, if either, was right?

Uganda essays

Uganda essays The people of Uganda have had many types of governments during their long history, but until the coming of British Colonialism, there was no central government. Originally government was in the hands of the tribal groups who elected their own leaders and made their own laws, which all members of their group were expected to follow. Later some central authority was given to the kings of the various tribes, including the largest of these, the Buganda, whose ruler, the Kabaka, was considered the king and had ultimate authority over his people and their land ( Cavendish, 31). Mutesa II, whose full name was Sir Edward William David Walugembe Mutebi Luwangula Mutesa, was the Kababa of the East African State of Buganda, which is now part of Uganda from 1939 to 1953, and again from 1955 to 1966 (Thompson, 134). During the 1940s although he was nominally king, Mutesa was essentially controlled by the British resident and his Katikiro, or prime minister, and was personally unpopular. In 1953, when elimination of the privileged position of king of Buganda within the protectorate of Uganda seemed imminent, Mutesa II took an unyielding stand in meetings with the governor of Uganda so as not to completely alienate many of his increasingly suspicious and anti-British subjects. His key demands were for separation of Buganda from the rest of Uganda and the promise of independence. When he refused to communicate the British governments formal recommendation to his lukiiko, or parliament, he was arrested and deported (Cavendish, 32). Buganda leaders engineered Mutesa IIs return in 1955, as a constitutional monarch who still had a great deal of influence in the Buganda government. When Uganda became independent, Prime Minister Obote hoped to placate Buganda by encouraging Mutesas election as president in 1963, but a conflict over the continued integrity of the Buganda kingdom with Uganda followed. When Mutesa II t...

John Buford in the Civil War

John Buford in the Civil War Major General John Buford was a noted cavalry officer in the Union Army during the Civil War. Though from a slave-holding family in Kentucky, he elected to remain loyal to the Union when fighting began in 1861. Buford distinguished himself at the Second Battle of Manassas and later held several important cavalry positions in the Army of the Potomac. He is best remembered for the role he played during the early phases of the Battle of Gettysburg. Arriving in the town, his division held critical high ground north and ensured that the Army of the Potomac possessed the critical hills south of Gettysburg. Early Life John Buford was born March 4, 1826, near Versailles, KY and was the first son of John and Anne Bannister Buford. In 1835, his mother died from cholera and the family moved to Rock Island, IL. Descended from a long line of military men, the young Buford soon proved himself a skilled rider and a gifted marksmen. At the age of fifteen, he traveled to Cincinnati to work with his older half-brother on an Army Corps of Engineers project on the Licking River. While there, he attended Cincinnati College before expressing a desire to attend West Point. After year at Knox College, he was accepted to the academy in 1844. Fast Facts: Major General John Buford Rank: GeneralService: US/Union ArmyNickname: Old SteadfastBorn: March 4, 1826 in Woodford County, KYDied: December 16, 1863 in Washington, DCParents: John and Anne Bannister BufordSpouse: Martha (Pattie) McDowell DukeConflicts: Civil WarKnown For: Battle of Antietam, Battle of Fredericksburg, Battle of Chancellorsville, Brandy Station, and Battle of Gettysburg. Becoming a Soldier Arriving at West Point, Buford proved himself a competent and determined student. Pressing through the course of study, he graduated 16th of 38 in the Class of 1848. Requesting service in the cavalry, Buford was commissioned into the First Dragoons as a brevet second lieutenant. His stay with the regiment was brief as he was soon transferred to the newly-formed Second Dragoons in 1849. Serving on the frontier, Buford took part in several campaigns against the Indians and was appointed regimental quartermaster in 1855. The following year he distinguished himself at the Battle of Ash Hollow against the Sioux. After aiding in peace-keeping efforts during the Bleeding Kansas crisis, Buford took part in the Mormon Expedition under Colonel Albert S. Johnston. Posted to Fort Crittenden, UT in 1859, Buford, now a captain, studied the works of military theorists, such as John Watts de Peyster, who advocated for replacing the traditional line of battle with the skirmish line. He also became an adherent of the belief that cavalry should fight dismounted as mobile infantry rather than charge into battle. Buford was still at Fort Crittenden in 1861 when the Pony Express brought word of the attack on Fort Sumter. The Civil War Begins With the beginning of the Civil War, Buford was approached by the Governor of Kentucky regarding taking a commission to fight for the South. Though from a slave-holding family, Buford believed his duty was to the United States and flatly refused. Traveling east with his regiment, he reached Washington, DC and was appointed assistant inspector general with the rank of major in November 1861. Buford remained in this backwater post until Major General John Pope, a friend from the prewar army, rescued him in June 1862. Promoted to brigadier general, Buford was given command of the II Corps Cavalry Brigade in Popes Army of Virginia. That August, Buford was one of a few Union officers to distinguish themselves during the Second Manassas Campaign. In the weeks leading to the battle, Buford provided Pope with timely and vital intelligence. On August 30, as Union forces were collapsing at Second Manassas, Buford led his men in a desperate fight at Lewis Ford to buy Pope time to retreat. Personally leading a charge forward, he was wounded in the knee by a spent bullet. Though painful, it was not a serious injury.​​​ Army of the Potomac While he recovered, Buford was named Chief of Cavalry for Major General George McClellans Army of the Potomac. A largely administrative position, he was in this capacity at the Battle of Antietam in September 1862. Kept in his post by Major General Ambrose Burnside he was present at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13. In the wake of the defeat, Burnside was relieved and Major General Joseph Hooker took command of the army. Returning Buford to the field, Hooker gave him command of the Reserve Brigade, 1st Division, Cavalry Corps. Buford first saw action in his new command during the Chancellorsville Campaign as part Major General George Stonemans raid into Confederate territory. Though the raid itself failed to achieve its objectives, Buford performed well. A hands-on commander, Buford was often found near the front lines encouraging his men. Old Steadfast Recognized as one of the top cavalry commanders in either army, his comrades referred to him as Old Steadfast. With Stonemans failure, Hooker relieved the cavalry commander. While he considered the reliable, quiet Buford for the post, he instead selected the flashier Major General Alfred Pleasonton. Hooker later stated that he felt that made a mistake in overlooking Buford. As part of the reorganization of the Cavalry Corps, Buford was given command of the 1st Division. In this role, he commanded the right wing of Pleasontons attack on Major General J.E.B. Stuarts Confederate cavalry at Brandy Station on June 9, 1863. In a day-long fight, Bufords men succeeded in driving back the enemy before Pleasonton ordered a general withdrawal. In the following weeks, Bufords division provided key intelligence regarding Confederate movements north and frequently clashed with Confederate cavalry. Gettysburg Entering Gettysburg, PA on June 30, Buford realized that the high ground south of the town would be key in any battle fought in the area. Knowing that any combat involving his division would be a delaying action, he dismounted and posted his troopers on the low ridges north and northwest of town with the goal of buying time for the army to come up and occupy the heights. Attacked the next morning by Confederate forces, his outnumbered men fought a two and half hour holding action which allowed for Major General John Reynolds I Corps to arrive on the field. As the infantry took over the fight, Bufords men covered their flanks. On July 2, Bufords division patrolled the southern part of the battlefield before being withdrawn by Pleasanton. Bufords keen eye for terrain and tactical awareness on July 1 secured for the Union the position from which they would win the Battle of Gettysburg and turn the tide of the war. In the days following the Union victory, Bufords men pursued General Robert E. Lees army south as it withdrew to Virginia. Final Months Though only 37, Bufords relentless style of command was hard on his body and by mid-1863 he suffered severely from rheumatism. Though he frequently needed assistance mounting his horse, he often remained in the saddle all day. Buford continued to effectively lead the 1st Division through the fall and the inconclusive Union campaigns at Bristoe and Mine Run. On November 20, Buford was forced to leave the field due to an increasingly severe case of typhoid. This forced him to turn down an offer from Major General William Rosecrans to take over the Army of the Cumberlands cavalry. Traveling to Washington, Buford stayed at the home of George Stoneman. With his condition worsening, his former commander appealed to President Abraham Lincoln for a deathbed promotion to major general. Lincoln agreed and Buford was informed in his final hours. Around 2:00 PM on December 16, Buford died in the arms of his aide Captain Myles Keogh. Following a memorial service in Washington on December 20, Bufords body was transported to West Point for burial. Beloved by his men, the members of his former division contributed to have a large obelisk built over his grave in 1865.

District Budget Comparison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

District Budget Comparison - Research Paper Example When comparing two Texas school districts- Lubbock Independent School District and Laredo Independent School District- research will show a few similarities and differences among the districts in terms of demographics and budget analysis. All data and research conducted will be derived from the Texas Education Agency Academic Excellence Indicator System (AEIS) Reports and each district’s Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the 2010-2011 academic school years. Student Population Student Population by Grades Lubbock Independent School District is located in Lubbock city, Texas in Region 17. According to the AEIS report, Lubbock ISD has 28, 680 students in over fifty schools. The district is composed of 35 elementary schools, 10 middle schools, 4 high schools, and 3 disciplinary alternative education programs. Lubbock ISD has 53.1% of its student population at the elementary level. Local high school enrollment accounts for 25.4% of the student population and the middle scho ol for 21.5%. ... At the elementary level, the district has 57.4% of the student population enrolled. Local high school enrollment accounts for 23.6% of the student population and the middle school for 19.1%. Table 1.1: Student Enrollment by Grade Level Grade Level Laredo ISD Lubbock ISD State Elementary 57.4% 53.1% 50.8% Middle 19.1% 21.5% 21.9% High School 23.6% 24.4% 27.2% Graph 1.1: Student Enrollment by Grade Level Source: TEA, Academic Excellence Indicator System (AEIS), 2010-11. Laredo ISD enrolls more students in the elementary level when compared to Lubbock and State. On the other hand, the proportion of its middle and high school is less than that of Lubbock and state. The proportions of Laredo ISD and those of states are quite similar. Student Population by Ethnicity Laredo ISD has a predominantly set in terms of ethnicity and overall student population, meaning that the student population in general is stable and one sided, compared to other districts with more diversity. Laredo ISD has a dominant Hispanic distribution. Almost 100% percent of the student population is Hispanic. However, Lubbock ISD is a little more diverse in its ethnicity makeup even though Hispanics still dominate. Hispanics enrolled account for 53.9% of the student population, while whites follow with 29.1%. African Americans account for 13.3%, American Indian 0.4%, Asian/Pacific 1.7% and other ethnics 1.6% of the Lubbock ISD student population. Table 1.2: Ethnicity Comparison Ethnicity Laredo ISD Lubbock ISD State African American 0.1% 13.3% 12.9% Hispanic 99.5% 53.9% 50.3% White 0.3% 29.1% 31.2% American Indian 0.0% 0.4% 0.5% Asian/Pacific 0.2% 1.7% 3.5% Others 0.0% 1.6% 1.6% Graph1.2: Ethnicity Comparison

Corp case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corp case study - Essay Example t Darden, Doman & Stafford Associates (DDA) accepted the obligation of a corporation not yet formed and did not hold John Goodman as a responsible individual, as noted in the dissenting opinion (John A. Goodman 7). When it cannot be concluded by evidence that the parties to the contract other than the promoter, looked solely to the corporation and not to the promoter for performance of the contract, the promoter becomes liable for the preincorporation contract made by him. As such decision was passed against Goodman, making him liable under the preincorporation contract (John A. Goodman 3). As Goodman or the promoter in this case alleged that DDS agreed to look solely to the corporation, he will have the burden of proving the agreement. The release of the promoter depends on the intent of the party when the promoter depends on the agreement. However, Goodman’s arguments that the terms â€Å"in formation† in the contract and â€Å"†¦ warranties contained herein shall be construed to have been made between seller and resultant corporation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  were in fact ambiguous as they did not expressly state about the release from personal liability of the promoter (John A. Goodman 5-6). While determining whether the trial court’s decision was correct based on the evidence, the court found that the trial court gave its decision in favor of Goodman based on three considerations, which are: 1) DDS knew the corporation did not exist; 2) The fact that Doman was informed by Goodman about the formation of the corporation; and 3) progress payments were made to the corporation. However, the above considerations are not dispositive in any way of the intent of DDS to hold Goodman personally liable. As such the evidence not being substantial to show the intent to release Goodman from his personal liability, he was held a party to the contract (John A. Goodman 6- 7). The decision concurs with the general rule that a promoter is liable for a preincorporation contract made for the

Economic Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic Analysis - Essay Example It is expressed as a percentage change in the quantity of a product demanded as a result of a small change in price. In reality, the price elasticity for demand is affected by many other factors other than just the price of commodity. When making calculations, it is normally assumed that all the other factors which could affect PED remain constant. High price elasticity means that the demand for the product is extremely sensitive to changes in commodity price. A zero measure shows that the demand is inelastic and thus will not be affected by changes in pricing. When the value is one, it shows that the demand is perfectly elastic and thus a pricing change will result to an equal change in demand. When the elastic is more than one, it implies that the demand is elastic and when the pricing is changed, it will automatically result in change in the demand from the item as wrong as all the another factors are kept constant. The cross-price elasticity measures the responsiveness of a product demand to changes in price of another commodity. It is measured as a percentage of change observed in the demand for a product as a result of price change of a completely different commodity. It can be used to determine the type of relationship existing between two products (Mankiw 2012). It allows economists to make a distinction between complementary and substitute commodities. Products can be defined as compliments of each other when the calculation of the cross elasticity for demand yields a negative result. When the measure gives a positive value, it is an indication that the products are substitutes of each other. When the calculations yield a zero measure, then there is no relationship between the products (Wetzstein 2013). When a competitor reduces prices of its prices, rival organization will have to consider the calculation of cross-price elasticity of demand in estimating the impact of this price change o n the demand for its products. This in turn makes the

Analysis of Optical Imaging Technologies

Analysis of Optical Imaging Technologies PAI is a relatively new imaging modality which displays optical absorption contrast with a high resolution at depths of up to a few centimetres. Tissue is illuminated using short laser pulses and ultrasound waves are generated within the tissue upon optical absorption. An image is formed of the optical absorption contrast based on the arrival times and amplitudes of the acoustic waves (Wang 2009, Lai and Young 1982, Sigrist and Kneubuhl 1978, Jaeger 2007). It began in the late 19th century, when Alexander Graham Bell discovered the extraordinary effect of sound being generated because of absorption of intermittent sunlight (Bell 1880, 1880a). It was not until the 1970s and 1980s that research in this field took off, with the advent of modern pulsed lasers and materials and electronics for acoustic detection and recording. Pulsed laser light, indeed, is used in the majority of PAl techniques in order to illuminate the sample of interest. The succession of phenomena that occur after light exposure is shown in the following list (Wang 2009, Xu and Wang 2006): Light absorption: the molecules that absorb light, start vibrating and this continues until the illumination ceases. Temperature rise: the vibration locally increases the temperature for the period of illumination, after which the temperature decays. Thermoelastic expansion: because of the thermoelastic effect, the heated area tends to expand, with a local increase in pressure for the period of illumination if this happens to quickly for expansion to occur. Acoustic emission: the transient pressure variation propagates away from the transiently heated region. The initial studies were based upon gas-phase analysis, in which gases, depending upon their physical properties would absorb specific wavelengths of pulsed laser radiation, generating acoustic signals recorded by a microphone (Tam 1986, Meyer and Sigrist 1990). It wasn’t until the mid-1990s that biomedical applications of photoacoustics were reported (Kruger 1995, Esenaliev 1997, Hoelen 1998) and from that point, until now, the field has witnessed unprecedented growth to a stage where imaging systems are commercially available. The generation of PA signal can be understood by dividing the phenomenon into two domains: ‘Optical’ and ‘acoustics’ (Kruizinga 2010). In the optical domain, the pulse of light incident on the body surface above the site of interest, penetrates and travels diffusely through the different layers and encounters regions where it is absorbed, causing the generation of heat, which results in volumetric expansion. If this heat is deposited in a short enough time using a nano- or femtosecond laser pulse, then there is no time for dissipation of heat into the surrounding medium nor dissipation of the stress due to the heat-induced increase in pressure, and a transient disequilibrium arises, because of the difference in pressure inside and outside the region of heat deposition. This results in the generation of acoustic emissions, which propagate to be detected at the body surface via the acoustic domain. In the next few sections, these two sub-domains (optical and a coustic) will be explained, followed by a brief outline of the possible imaging applications of PAI. 2.1.1  Optical domain In medical imaging, the wavelength range of 650 nm to 1300 nm is often referred to as the `tissue optical window, wherein the tissue components, primarily haemoglobin, water and melanin absorb minimal light, allowing greater penetration of the photons than at other wavelengths. The two processes that dominate in light interacting with tissue are `scattering and `absorption. The strength of these interactions heavily depend on the wavelength of the light used and the components of the interacting tissue. Before looking into the optical domain, it is necessary to define some common optical parameters and quantities, as listed in Table 2.1. Table 2.1. Definitions of some common optical parameters and quantities With these parameters, it is possible to define the extinction coefficient , as in Equation 1.1[JCB1]. Its reciprocal would be the mean free path between any absorption or scattering events. . (1.1)[JCB2] In order to take into account the anisotropy of light scattering, while evaluating the scattering property of a tissue (as it contains a combination of organelles and cells, ranging in size from nm to ÃŽ ¼m), another scattering coefficient is defined (Cheong et al. 1990). It is called the reduced (or transport) scattering coefficient and it is equal to: , (1.2) where g is the anisotropy factor, which is around 0.9 for tissue in the Vis-to-NIR [JCB3]wavelength range. The approximation of light transport through tissue is given by the diffusion theory. Here the attenuation (a) of light is approximated per unit length d with the use of Beers law , and the effective attenuation coefficient  µeff [JCB4]is given by (Cheong et al. 1990, Oraevsky et al. 1997): , (1.3) Unlike the all-optical imaging modalities, the resolution of PAI does not suffer heavily from the scattering of photons. In fact, scattering within the tissue lead to a more homogenous distribution of photons, which can be useful for effective PA wave generation. The limiting factor that PAI shares with other optical techniques is the low penetration depth of light in tissue. Nevertheless PAI only requires the delivery of light in one direction, and ultrasonic scattering is two to three orders of magnitude weaker than optical scattering in tissue. Therefore PAI allows for high spatial resolution much deeper within tissue than all-optical imaging, and can image to much greater depths than most of the other optical imaging techniques. 2.1.2  Acoustic domain The imaging principle of PAI does not rely on the reflection of an acoustic wave, as in ultrasound imaging, but rather on the detection of an acoustic wave generated from absorption of light. The generation of PA [JCB5]waves occurs only when the incident laser pulse [JCB6]length satisfies the stress confinement condition (Xu and Wang 2006, Jacques 1993). The stress confinement criterion is satisfied when the laser pulse length is shorter than the time ( ) for the stress waves to dissipate from the region of optical absorption: ,(1.4) where, is a representative linear dimension, such as the diameter of the absorbing region or the depth of penetration of the laser beam into the absorbing region, and is the speed of sound in tissue. In general, a pulse width of 3-10 ns is used in PAI. Pulse lengths greater than tens of nanoseconds do not produce a situation that satisfies the stress confinement criterion and generates either a very week or no PA signal. Pulses much shorter than a few nanoseconds lead to the generation of weaker PA signals from tissue. The generated acoustic signals propagate radially from the source, and the amplitude of the PA wave indicates the extent of local optical absorption, while the spatial origin of the acoustic waves, which indicates the location of the absorber, can be determined by the wave shape at the body surface, as given by the time taken for each part of the wave to reach the transducer surface, after laser irradiation. The initial PA pressure generation caused due to thermoelastic expansion can be rewritten as (Oraevsky and Karabutov 2003, Gusev and Karabutov 1993) ,(1.5) where ÃŽ ² is the thermal expansion coefficient, Cp is the specific heat at constant pressure, c is the speed of sound in the absorbing object, F is the light fluence and is the optical absorption coefficient. is referred to as the Grà ¼neisen coefficient ( and H (= is the local energy deposition density. With this equation, it is possible to estimate the intrinsic sensitivity of PAl techniques, which expresses how much the pressure signal amplitude would increase, if the fluence of the laser radiation is increased by a given amount. The acoustic wave that is generated upon light absorption obeys the following wave equation (ignoring thermal diffusion and kinematic viscosity) (Tam 1986, Sigrist 1986, Diebold et al. 1991, Gusev and Karabutov 1993). (1.6) The left side of equation represents the normal wave equation where v[JCB7] is the speed of sound in the medium of propagation, P pressure and t time. The right side describes the PA source, where ÃŽ ² is the thermal expansion coefficient, Cp is the specific heat at constant pressure and H is the amount of heat generated following light absorption. H can be represented as the product of optical absorption coefficient ÃŽ ¼a and the light fluence F (. The PA wave equation (1.6) formalized above can be considered as the key formula used for the construction of PA images, whereby, a linear relation between optical absorption and the measured acoustic amplitude is assumed. [JCB1] Just like figures and talbes, all equations should be referred to in the text. Otherwise, why is the equation there? [JCB2] This is how to centre an equation. Dont use any tabs. Right justify the line, and put spaces between the equation and the equation number until the equation is centred by eye. Why have you used a really tiny font for the equation number? I recommend that you dont do this. Also, even the equations themselves in this thesis are very small. It is boarderline acceptable. Slightly larger would be better. Of course do not make the in-line equations bigger. Finally, rules of grammar also apply to equations. If the finish a sentence or represent a sentence on their own, they should be followed by a full stop. If the are followed by the continuation of a sentence then appropriate punctuation should be used. For example, when they are followed by where variable is given by symbol, then the equation should end in a comma and the word where should begin with a small w. You will find this to be copied from all the good journals and books. [JCB3] Do not use abbreviations that you have not defined. [JCB4] Be careful to make sure that all symbols are correctly italicised and subscripted as appropriate. I wont be able to correct many of these if there are more of these problems. [JCB5] Needs defining. First use is at the beginning of section 1.2.1. [JCB6] Time does not have a width. [JCB7] Do not mix symbols. You said above that c is the speed of sound.

Differing Opinions of Bleak House Essay -- Bleak House essay

Differing Opinions of Bleak House When Bleak House, by Charles Dickens, was published in 1853, it did not go unnoticed by critics. The reviews of the period where anything but tepid in tone or opinion in regard to Dickens’ newest novel. Most notably, the critics were concerned with the structure of the novel, characterization, and, in particular, Esther as a plausible character. By singling out reviewers from different publications of the time, it is possible to see what the public in 1853 was reading about Bleak House in regard to these issues. Structure The contemporary reviewers of Bleak House fall into two categories when discussing its structure. There are those who like it and there are those who do not. More specifically, those who dislike the novel’s construction complain of the absence of plot and lack of connection between characters and their actions. Opposing this view are the reviewers who find the characters in Bleak House remarkably intertwined in the story, especially since it was written as a series for a literary magazine. One of the strongest of these critics is George Brimley, who, in his article entitled â€Å"Dickens’s Bleak House† published in The Spectator in 1853, writes that â€Å"Bleak House is, even more than its predecessors, chargeable with not simple faults, but absolute want of construction†(161). He finds that the structure of Bleak House fails because there is no connection between actors and incidents. Brimley points to the interest of Richard Carstone in the Chancery case. The case only serves to draw out Carstone’s personality faults that would have been drawn out in any other interest he may have had. The Chancery case, then, is trivial for it fails to exert any real impact on the characters... ...made more probably by the fact that she is the chronicler of her own perfection†(161). Chesterton concludes, â€Å"Miss Summerson in some ways is a failure† (166). Individuals encountering life-changing moments would be swayed and impacted greatly, unlike Esther, whose enduring calmness and optimism restrains her to the fictional role. The character of Esther is widely criticized for her perfection as a character, both receiving positive acclaims and negative feedback. Esther’s reserved, quiet character illustrates the role of women during the Victorian period and what little impact on society women played. Critics of Bleak House generally praise the narration and Dickens’s use of Esther’s character, which gives direction to the novel.    Works Cited Harris, Laurie Lanzen, ed. Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Vol. 8. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1981.

Outline of persuasive speech Essay

Specific purpose: To persuade my audience that IQ testing is not a valid measure to be used on modern populations. Central Idea: At the end of my speech the audience will know all about the disadvantages of IQ testing in addition to the bad impact it has on today’s society. Introduction: After taking 3 different IQ tests and averaging the results I can tell you that my IQ is either of 82 which is considered as low average or of 123 which is considered as superior! Ask yourself one question; would you look at me differently if you knew which one it really is? At the end of the speech you’ll know all about the disadvantages of IQ testing and why it is not a fit measure to be used on modern populations.  I’m going to first tell you about the consequences that a low IQ test result can have on a person’s life, then I’m going to tell you about how the IQ test is in fact not as reliable as anyone would think and finally even though it might not be 100% reliable it is still the best existing way of measuring logic. Body: I- A low IQ test score can result in having a psychological as well as a social impact on the test taker. A. Social impact: 1. The most dangerous assumption on IQ testing is that it measures someone’s biological or inborn intelligence that is set in stone and therefore can never change. The family and the teachers of someone with a low IQ will expect much less of that person which will then fail because of the lack of encouragements he is receiving. 2. Moreover, according to Bruce Uditsky in his article:† One of the original purposes of IQ tests was to determine or predict which students would require additional help to be successful in school. It then is an interesting question as to how these IQ scores evolved into stigmatizing, categorizing, racially prejudiced and negatively life-defining outcomes for students with developmental disabilities and others†. B. A child with a low IQ score will start feeling inferior to his  friends specially that at a young age competition between friends is at its peek. The negative labels applied as a consequence of an IQ test are lifelong and in the current context of our society limiting and hurtful. Transition: Therefore it is important to ask ourselves if this test that can determine if someone is mentally less capable than someone else is in fact reliable enough. II- The reasons why intelligence quotient tests are not reliable enough: A. A score can differ significantly from one IQ test to another taken by the same person, in the same conditions: 1- â€Å"During 2002–2003, as part of validation for their new IQ test, the KABC-II, Alan and Nadeen Kaufman looked at IQ test scores from a dozen children aged 12-13 who were tested on three different contemporary IQ tests. The first thing to note is that those exposed to greater opportunities for learning tended to score higher on IQ tests than those from lower-SES backgrounds. But even collapsing across SES, every single preadolescent had a different IQ score based on which test they took. The differences for the dozen children ranged from 1 to 22 points, with an average difference of 12 points†. 2- Therefore if a chi ld scored 75 on a test he would be labeled as â€Å"slow learner†, but it is very possible that the same child could have scored 95 on another approved IQ test, and a score of 95 is an average score. B. Moreover, IQ tests are culturally unfair, most of the approved ones are designed for use among white middle class children. And as we can see in this slide, an average Ethiopian person would be considered retarded in Hong Kong. Transition: On the other hand IQ tests are still the best way to measure logical thinking and can benefit children who get a good score on it. III- Benefits of IQ testing: A. If a student who has a high score is having difficulties learning, directly an assumption is made that his learning processes needs to be understood and educational strategies need to be applied in order to help the student become successful. B. In addition, if we don’t generalize it to be a test that measures intelligence IQ testing is the best way to measure logical abilities, which is the closest thing to intelligence. Conclusion: In conclusion, because IQ tests are administered by human beings on human beings, they are not 100% reliable and the same person can get very  different results on two different tests and because they are culturally unfair; IQ tests shouldn’t be considered as a valid measure of human intelligence and therefore a person with a low score should not be categorized and stigmatized for life. References: Udistky, B. (n.d.). IQ testing: A critique for parents of children with developmental disabilities. www.acl.org. Retrieved December 5, 2013, from http://www.aacl.org/clientuploads/documents/IQarticle.pdf Kaufman, S. B. (2013, July 7). IQ tests hurt kids, schools — and don’t measure intelligence. www.salon.com Retrieved December 5, 2013, from http://www.salon.com/2013/07/07/iq_tests_hurt_kids_schools_and_dont_measure_intelligence/ Countries with the Highest / Lowest Average IQ. (n.d.). Statistic Brain RSS. Retrieved December 5, 2013, from http://www.statisticbrain.com/countries-with-the-highest-lowest-average-iq/